Emo /ˈiːmoʊ/ is a loosely categorized
rock music genre characterized by expressive, often confessional, lyrics. It emerged as a style of
post-hardcore from the mid-1980s
hardcore punk movement of Washington, D.C., where it was known as "emotional hardcore" or "emocore" and pioneered by bands such as
Rites of Spring and
Embrace. However, as emo was echoed by contemporary American
punk rock bands, its sound and meaning shifted and changed and it was reinvented as a style of
indie rock and
pop punk encapsulated in the early 1990s by bands such as
Jawbreaker and
Sunny Day Real Estate. By the mid-1990s, numerous emo acts formed in the
Midwestern and
Central United States, and several
independent record labels began to specialize in the genre. Meanwhile, a more aggressive style of emo,
screamo, had also emerged.
Emo broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s with the platinum-selling success of
Jimmy Eat World and
Dashboard Confessional. In the wake of this success, many emo bands were signed to major record labels and the style became a marketable product. By the early 2010s, the popularity of emo began to decrease. Some bands moved away from their emo roots and some bands disbanded. An underground "emo revival" emerged in the 2010s, with bands drawing on the sounds and aesthetics of emo of the 1990s and early 2000s.
The term "emo" has been applied by critics and journalists to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts and groups with disparate styles and sounds. In addition to music, "emo" is often used more generally to signify a particular relationship between fans and artists, and to describe related aspects of fashion, culture, and behavior. Emo has been associated with a stereotype that includes being particularly emotional, sensitive,
misanthropic, shy, introverted, or
angst-ridden. It has also been associated with stereotypes like
depression,
self-harm, and
suicide.