But at some point, memorization is such a time saver that it is essential.
Let's look at what "understanding numbers" would entail for someone that has ZERO multiplication memorized.
9 x 11 = ?
If you are not allowed to memorize anything, how do you solve this problem? You essentially have to add 11+11+11+11+11+11+11+11+11 to get 99.
Now imagine that you have to do this EVERY time you see a multiplication problem. Every time. That's what you are taking away by saying no to memorization.
At some point, the average person says, "Hey, I've multiplied 9 x 11 enough times that I'm just gonna go ahead and remember that it is 99." And from there it becomes obvious that after learning how to "understand" how multiplication works, you adopt a shortcut for numbers up to a certain point. 10 x 10 is a logical point because it allows you to break larger numbers down into smaller sub-problems (which is exactly what "carry the 4" and such involves), but for whatever reason most go to 12.
Pushing for memorization doesn't mean you just completely skip the part where you add 11 to itself 9 times. That's essential and, at least when I was in school decades ago, was the first thing they taught us. But after you understand how that works, fuck yes you should memorize those tables instead of doing it the long way every time. Can you imagine if every adult stopped what they were doing and ticked off "11, 22, 33,..." while they raised 9 fingers, every time they had to do multiplication?