Asians opened up shops and did shit that white people didn't want to do. Laundry, Nail salons, convenience stores, and all these shits that lacked cultural appreciation but needed and wanted by the society. I think blacks did the same, by and large, but not in the scale of Asians.
Funny stuff. railroad companies had agents in Qing China to bring in Chinese workers. They had posters, campaign, and other means to employ Chinese labours. And Chinese wanted to get the fuck out of China because, well, it's fucking terrible if you are a peasant and a poor living in a city. You will earn multiple times overseas, so why the fuck not? there is a large segment of society in China that wanted to get out.
And what a great news for the employer. Bunch of non-English speaking labour that did not have any voting rights and/or means to mobilize labour unrest. Shit, and they are obedient too.
Qing China didn't have the same economic model that America had (capitalism) and avoided hiring labours to expand their production, which was one of the problems. they only hired their sons, daughters, relatives, etc. Basically, someone who they can pass on to....it's a tradition, I guess. There was this one film I saw where there was three people working in a textile factory. Old dude who owned the place, his cousin, and a girl who he bought. His cousin complained that he needed more labour and why not just expand. The old dude replied, "Why waste time training them when old ways work? Get back to work." I am sure it's more complex than that but I thought it captured Chinese attitude and/or Asian attitudes to labour in general back in 1800-1900.