Great 60 minutes tonight laying out the complexity of the situation.
It was explained that AQ is like a virus, and no matter what happens after the civil war ends, the army and the security forces are going to be needed to get rid of them or the virus will take over the host. The trick they are trying to pull off is to give enough help to the rebellion to bring Assad to the negotiating table, but not too much where the rebels don't want to negotiate. They want Assad gone, but all his people in place.
A major problem is that the most effective fighting forces in Syria are the 2 AQ affiliates. They have been forged fighting the best most advanced military in the world for the last 10 years, so it's a step down going against the SA who are learning some hard lessons really fast. The Syrian rebels have no training and nobody else is helping them in the field, so they are basically following the AQ forces in battle.
If Syria falls into chaos, and the army and security evaporate, AQ will spread violence in all directions. They will attack Hezbollah and Israel, Turkey, Jordan, Iraq and fuel Chechen terror capability. Everyone loses. This why Obama was so reluctant to give any aid, and why the scope of the strikes proposed was so small.
All that in mind here is what I think happened.
Obama was reluctant to give aid to the rebels for the reasons above, but he wanted Assad forced to the table. His red line comment was an attempt to let Assad know he wouldn't have to worry about US involvement unless he used chemical weapons. Assad and Russia recognized this, but rogue elements in the SA used them without permission to back Rebels away from dug in positions outside Damascus and allow SA to retake territory without more heavy losses, as they are already bled white and doubtful they have enough veterans to follow up and hold after a heavy infantry assault. Remember, these AQ elements are masters of the IED, and taking fortified areas is murder for the SA.
But once the genie was out of the bottle, it backs Obama into a corner. But reality is the the US has as much to lose as Russia. Obama moves towards strikes, but holds off and buys time, not calling in Congress early, and waiting 9 days. They apply diplomatic pressure, but its not going well. Russia has no way to move toward the US without losing face and making it seem they were forced there by US threats. But then Kerry says something off the cuff that gives the Russians an opening to make it look like they are sticking it to us. They take the opening, and Assad gets rid of his weapons, which he lost control of temporarily, probably in exchange for a shit ton of conventional weapons from Russia. Meanwhile, the Saudis are giving the Rebels just enough aid to continue the stalemate, increasing when they are losing and pulling back when they get too close to winning.