oh ya happy birthday a bit late, my 50th (ugh) is 2 weeks from friday
it is just precision/accuracy.. how precise the survey is.
for survey it is error of closure - usually it is our survey traverse and the ties to the control points are determine precision/accuracy- the control lines and ties we use to locate existing record monuments
how to explain it.... for survey, nongps- we use a total station and a prism to accurately do shots via the built in laser in the total station.
for error of closure lets take that upper residential area from that picture. say there are record monuments at only 4 of the corners - one by the atheletic field on the lower right, one down the road to the left at the bridge by the dry creek bed, one past the school and at the corner to the NE and one @ the nw corner near that ?farmland? that is cleared.... we would set up the total station/tripod -either on the control point or via a stake or pk nail in the pavement - somewhere- so we could see at least 1 of the control points(if we were not "on it") - direct line of sight. then we would set up another tripod with a tribrach w/prism on a random point we set - or if we could see direct line of sight to a 2nd point on that point, we'd level the instrument, set 0 on the gun, "shoot" the distance. and record the distance to the nearest hundredth of a foot (or thousandth depending on the setting. total stations read angles to - depending on the instrument, nearest second or 2 seconds or 5 seconds... degrees minutes seconds, a circle has 359 degrees 59 minutes and 60 seconds btw.... once zero is set, another tripod with a prism - would be setup on a traverse point - a point set in the ground randomly, heading towards the points we cannot see- we shoot the angle and distance to that- double the angle to be a bit more precise/accurate (though half the time you can skip this part), then after locating all the control points you can from the current setup, move to the next point, sight where you just were (unclip total station, carry to tripod, unclip prism., lock total station. level, set zero on where you were, locate control points, set new traverse point,,, rinse and repeat until going around, until you locate your last point, then ultimately setup where you locate your first back sight point from a new traverse point, closing the traverse would be setting on the initial back sight point, backsighting the last traverse point, then sighting your intial traverse point "1" the error of closure, the precision, the accuracy is...how close the traverse loop closes in on itself. so say the point your started at-your last shot is off by .15 feet..
error of closure is...the perimeter under the error...so -.15/2000 feet (say a 2000foot perimeter) is basically a 1 in 13333.33 - anything over 1 in 10k is good anything over 1 in 12k better anything over 1 in 15k is "best"
anything higher than that is just gravy at a min 1 personally shoot for 1 in 15..just because no adjustments are usually needed to the traverse angles.
in terms of record monuments. the plans of record at the registry (or whatever it is called out there) should have known distances between the control points be it, 50' 100' 1000' or any distance in between...
you then use your record shots you took to the control points and ...compare field to record. so say the distance between the 2 farthest control points is 1200 feet.. field you got 1199.90'(and the other control points are similar) off by...a tenth... which for any surveyor,,,would take depending on how the other monuments fell, you might center the error, or shift i more towards one or the other. your flyover control points were shot by the surveyor as being X feet apart (3? in a triangle or whatever you used). you when you made the plan "full size" most likely used these distances to scale the map. the surveyor then took your 3d mesh and overlaid it onto their monument survey which was tied into the control points... and everything checked to a tenth...
ya i got long winded
btw, that is DAMN good.