The small targeting circle to the left of the radar will point towards your landing spot once you are inside a station.
Today I had a pirate Viper suicide-run into my Cobra, and immediately thought that was that as my shields went and sparks flew, but no, the ship seemed intact... then I got the message about hull integrity being compromised and life support (the one thing I haven't upgraded) kicked in.
So, 5 minutes to find somewhere to dock, and luckily there's a friendly outpost not too far away and into Supercruise I go, only to find that the whole central section of my canopy is now missing, so no more helpful targeting rings to aim for. Now I know why they put that square on the console that goes blue when you have your target lined up. Docking was interesting too; I had about 20 seconds of air left when I finally made it down.