Part of the issue is the problem with peacekeeping forces, in this case the Russians. They are generally prohibited from initiating hostilities, have quite a few restrictions foisted upon them from the political side of the house, and on an individual basis they often don't care about the conflict they're assigned to police. This is an almost universal reality for peacekeepers everywhere. It was that way when I was in the military, and we went through 'peacekeeper' training. I'm willing to bet it's the same for the Russian peacekeepers. And they've been in the region for decades now.
Your idea of 'intervention' is an interesting one. Do you expect Russia to mobilize and directly fight against Azerbaijan and their backer, Turkey? Do you expect Russia to threaten a war footing to gain a forced peace, even though they've yet to attempt that in the region since the fall of the USSR?
Russia didn't mobilize to intervene in 2020, either, and this was before Russia rolled into Ukraine. So it wasn't an issue of Russia being overstretched due to Ukraine. It was Russia hoping the peacekeeping force would be enough and trying to encourage both sides to go to the negotiating table.
The Russian peacekeeping forces could have been enough this time, except the Azeris just fucking ignored them.
After the 2020 conflict (44 days), Azerbaijan basically blockaded Nagorno-Karabakh. So then the Russian peacekeepers were forced to escort supply traffic into and out of the region, but that was never enough and the Azeris have managed to slowly strangle the Armenians.
Azerbaijan (and Turkey) have played this pretty well, especially since the '90s when Armenia came out on top. Back then both sides were relying on Soviet equipment that was left behind, as well as their own veterans. But since then Turkey has put a lot of time and effort into training and equipping the Azeris while Armenian capability has diminished. Russia hasn't really been willing to get themselves dragged into a highly divisive regional conflict (they aren't the US, LOL), and to be sure it's gotten worse since 2022. But they've NEVER shown that they were willing to throw down with the Azeris (and by extension, Turkey) and the Turks knew it. This is just a continuation of a decades long conflict and Armenia has been slowly realizing just how fucked they were if they couldn't get anyone else involved.
Another big part of this is the absolutely terrible politicians the region has had, over the decades, on both sides. Pashinyan is just the most recent. He's an ex journalist who has never liked Armenia being allied with Russia (he's talked about this many times), was imprisoned for encouraging protests and violence, and eventually embraced an outright revolution in 2018 after losing an election that was VERY similar to Euromaidan in Ukraine (his having stated that he wished for a
"non-violent, velvet, popular revolution")
...of course, he's a self-styled 'revolutionary' who just HAPPENED to find himself in bed with Western NGOs. Purely a coincidence, I'm sure!
The West always goes looking for agitators and factions they can throw their support behind, and they hit the jackpot with Pashinyan.
If you want to find something interesting to read, go look up the aftermath of the defeat in 2020, including all of the politicians and military leaders critical of Pashinyan, outright calling him a traitor, and questioning why their military was never fully mobilized against Azerbaijan (before Pashinyan then sued for peace and signed territory away to Azerbaijan). And all this from a guy that THEN went on the attack and blamed RUSSIA and the CSTO for not doing more.
And now this has been repeated yet again.
I think it was
Aaron
who recently posted some stuff from Duran, and while agree with a lot of it I'm not yet sure that I'm fully on board with the idea that this was all just an elaborate ruse or excuse by Pashinyan, in order to move closer to the West and put Armenia into a better position politically speaking.
Another interesting tidbit...Pashinyan was whining and making threats RE: Russia and the CSTO long before this latest incident. This was from May:
Armenia’s Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan was quoted on Monday (22 May) indicating sweeping changes in his country’s policy vis-à-vis its arch-foe Azerbaijan and its ally Russia.
www.euractiv.com