I'm guessing the data stops at different times for all the areas, I don't know why they would stop at USA in 2010. Even if the literacy was relatively saturated there is still a lot of study on basic literacy on the USA to draw from.
I'd be interested in another chart showing higher-levels of global literacy. ex: level 3 of PIAAC
The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a cyclical, large-scale, direct household assessment designed to assess and compare the basic skills and competencies of adults around the world. The assessment focuses on cognitive and workplace skills needed for...
nces.ed.gov
much harder to do that in a universal way, especially with different languages.