1) Have them require job-appropriate skills to complete and teach general skills rather than pure feelings. Like I said earlier, things like being in class and turning in assignments on time, even if the assignment is about "bs" material. The programs themselves can be made to involve useful problem-solving skills. A good deal of issue here is that these classes are doing "reflective" assignments on reading rather than objective-based tasks. Are you reading Hamlet and giving your useless opinion, or are you dissecting the language and answering about statistics and metrics that went into it?
My school had a professor take shit for assigning Twilight as one of the books, but I found out it involved requiring students to make comparisons between Twilight and 4 other texts about sentence length, word choices, adjective usage, etc. The assignment looked BRUTAL. This was an overarching tasks spanning the semester by taking "popular" books and applying measurable analysis. The shame here was that most students just dodged this teacher in favor of the other options - my elective English course allowed shit like answering your fucking phone mid-class and the teacher saying "life comes first" and other horse shit. There are right and wrong ways.
2) I am not entirely sure that you can. You can at least put them in that direction though - as said above. You can make all of these majors require doing tasks, answering questions, and for most doing extensive research. I don't think it'll mean reaching Quantum Mechanics but that's kinda how life works, some things simply are more difficult. In a reasonable setting you should have the baseline moved up in their direction, where every major requires doing a sufficient amount of actual work, even if it's borderline impossible to make them all equally as difficult.
But what "job appropriate" and "general skills" could one apply to a gender studies or cultural anthropology class that would still be in line with the actual subject matter?
In your example of Twilight, your teacher may have introduced an assignment focused on making quantitative comparisons between books, but in actuality at a post secondary level in English these types of exercises are not the way to teach English.. A more suitable assignment would be to compare commons themes within the books, foreshadowing, etc.. The quantitative assignment you mention is probably more brutal in the sense that it depends on accuracy and analysis, but that's not what English is about.
You're basically saying teach these subjects in a way that teaches things like attention to detail, repetition, and quantitative analysis-- but the very nature of these subjects exclude those forms of teaching.
In my experience you've got three tiers of university education in terms of difficulty:
1) STEM courses: Difficult. Labs in addition to classes. Memorization as well as learning. Long study hours with abstract content. Big mid-terms/finals requiring tons of studying and time management. Last minute cramming= fail. Teaches you discipline, accuracy, responsibility, and problem solving. Doesn't teach you how to think outside the box and leaves you an ignoramus about the world on matters unrelated to science. INT instead of Wisdom here.
2) Real Social Sciences like English, History, Poli-Sci, etc: Easier than Stem. No labs. More learning and less memorization. Study hours can be long, but the content is easier to digest than Stem. Mid/Terms finals. Last minute cramming=pass if you've read the material. Teaches you some of the same life skills as STEM, minus problem solving and attention to detail. Teaches you to think outside the box and a better understanding of the world, but doesn't really teach you how to do anything specific. Wis instead of INT.
3) Bullshit courses like painting, anthropology, gender studies: Easiest courses. No labs. Some memorization with little learning of worth. Short study hours and not much content. Some don't even have finals, just a "portfolio" to submit. No need to cram, because there aren't that many tests.. Teaches you nothing of practical use..