Bandwagon's Drones Thread

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Bandwagon

Kolohe
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Still tons of inaccuracies, but mostly due to the flight path. This is the first try at scanning a building with the new drone. 3DR Solo w/ GoPro4 Black.

The areas that I know had good coverage (Like the barn roof) look better than any of our other cameras, so I know we'll get some good results once we dial in the acquisition part. I'm really liking the Solo.
https://skfb.ly/Kuos

edit: does anyone know if it's possible to embed the sketchfab viewer on these forums?
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
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Had our first 100% legal flight today. Pilot and visual observer present. Issued a NOTAM through the FAA 24-72hours prior to flight. Contacted ATC. Ridiculous. If anyone is curious about the requirements for each flight, read the COA below.This is in addition tothe 333 requirements, and anything between 200-400ft requires it's own COA to be filed on a per flight basis, a month in advance.

Spoilered becauselong ass wall of text. COA requirements that we have to follow for co
Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER OR AUTHORIZATION

Any Operator with a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

This certificate is issued for the operations specifically described hereinafter. No person shall conduct

any operation pursuant to the authority of this certificate except in accordance with the standard and special

provisions contained in this certificate, and such other requirements of the Federal Aviation Regulations not

specifically waived by this certificate.

OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED

Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in accordance with the operators' Section 333 Grant of

Exemption at or below 200 feet Above Ground Level (AGL) in the National Airspace System (NAS).

LIST OF WAIVED REGULATIONS BY SECTION AND TITLE

1. A copy of the application made for this certificate shall be attached and become a part hereof.

2. This certificate shall be presented for inspection upon the request of any authorized representative of the

Federal Aviation Administration, or of any State or municipal official charged with the duty of enforcing

local laws or regulations.

3. The holder of this certificate shall be responsible for the strict observance of the terms and provisions

4. This certificate is nontransferable.

Note-This certificate constitutes a waiver of those Federal rules or regulations specifically referred to

above. It does not constitute a waiver of any State law or local ordinance.

Special Provisions are set forth and attached.

This certificate has the same effective dates as the Grant of Exemption and is subject to cancellation at any

time upon notice by the Administrator or his/her authorized representative.

BY DIRECTION OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

/S/

FAA Headquarters, AJV-115 Jacqueline R. Jackson

(Region) (Signature)

Manager, UAS Tactical Operations Section

(Title)

This COA terminates two years from the date of a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption, unless sooner

superseded, rescinded, or cancelled.

FAA Form 7711-1 (7-74)

Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

STANDARD PROVISIONS

1. The approval of this COA is effective only with an approved Section 333 FAA Grant of

Exemption.

2. A copy of the COA including the special limitations must be immediately available to all

operational personnel at each operating location whenever UAS operations are being

conducted.

3. This authorization may be canceled at any time by the Administrator, the person

authorized to grant the authorization, or the representative designated to monitor a

specific operation. As a general rule, this authorization may be canceled when it is no

longer required, there is an abuse of its provisions, or when unforeseen safety factors

develop. Failure to comply with the authorization is cause for cancellation. The operator

will receive written notice of cancellation.

B. Safety of Flight.

1. The operator or pilot in command (PIC) is responsible for halting or canceling activity in

the COA area if, at any time, the safety of persons or property on the ground or in the air

is in jeopardy, or if there is a failure to comply with the terms or conditions of this

authorization.

See-and-Avoid

Unmanned aircraft have no on-board pilot to perform see-and-avoid responsibilities;

therefore, when operating outside of active restricted and warning areas approved for

aviation activities, provisions must be made to ensure an equivalent level of safety exists

for unmanned operations consistent with 14 CFR Part 91 ?91.111, ?91.113 and ?91.115.

a. The pilot in command (PIC) is responsible:

? To remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and activities at

all times,

? For the safety of persons or property on the surface with respect to the UAS, and

? For compliance with CFR Parts 91.111, 91.113 and 91.115

b. UAS pilots will ensure there is a safe operating distance between aviation activities

and unmanned aircraft (UA) at all times.

c. Visual observers must be used at all times and maintain instantaneous communication

with the PIC.

Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

d. The PIC is responsible to ensure visual observer(s) are:

? Able to see the UA and the surrounding airspace throughout the entire flight, and

? Able to provide the PIC with the UA's flight path, and proximity to all aviation

activities and other hazards (e.g., terrain, weather, structures) sufficiently for the

PIC to exercise effective control of the UA to prevent the UA from creating a

collision hazard.

e. Visual observer(s) must be able to communicate clearly to the pilot any instructions

required to remain clear of conflicting traffic.

2. Pilots are reminded to follow all federal regulations e.g. remain clear of all Temporary

Flight Restrictions, as well as following the exemption granted for their operation.

3. The operator or delegated representative must not operate in Prohibited Areas, Special

Flight Rule Areas or, the Washington National Capital Region Flight Restricted Zone.

Such areas are depicted on charts available at

Aeronautical Information Services - AJV-5. Additionally, aircraft operators

should beware of and avoid other areas identified in Notices to Airmen (NOTAMS)

which restricts operations in proximity to Power Plants, Electric Substations, Dams,

Wind Farms, Oil Refineries, Industrial Complexes, National Parks, The Disney Resorts,

Stadiums, Emergency Services, the Washington DC Metro Flight Restricted Zone,

Military or other Federal Facilities.

4. All aircraft operated in accordance with this Certificate of Waiver/Authorization must be

identified by serial number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have

identification (N-Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C.

Markings must be) as large as practicable.

C. Reporting Requirements

1. Documentation of all operations associated with UAS activities is required regardless of

the airspace in which the UAS operates. NOTE: Negative (zero flights) reports are

2. The operator must submit the following information through

mailto:[email protected]/* <![CDATA[ */!function(t,e,r,n,c,a,p){try{t=document.currentScript||function(){for(t=document.getElementsByTagName('script'),e=t.length;e--;)if(t[e].getAttribute('data-cfhash'))return t[e]}();if(t&&(c=t.previousSibling)){p=t.parentNode;if(a=c.getAttribute('data-cfemail')){for(e='',r='0x'+a.substr(0,2)|0,n=2;a.length-n;n+=2)e+='%'+('0'+('0x'+a.substr(n,2)^r).toString(16)).slice(-2);p.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)),c)}p.removeChild(t)}}catch(u){}}()/* ]]> */on a monthly basis:

a. Name of Operator, Exemption number and Aircraft registration number

b. UAS type and model

c. All operating locations, to include location city/name and latitude/longitude

d. Number of flights (per location, per aircraft)

e. Total aircraft operational hours

f. Takeoff or Landing damage

Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

g. Equipment malfunctions. Reportable malfunctions include, but are not limited to the

following:

(1) On-board flight control system

(2) Navigation system

(3) Powerplant failure in flight

(4) Fuel system failure

(5) Electrical system failure

(6) Control station failure

3. The number and duration of lost link events (control, performance and health monitoring,

or communications) per UA per flight.

D. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM).

A distant (D) NOTAM must be issued when unmanned aircraft operations are being

conducted. This requirement may be accomplished:

a. Through the operator's local base operations or NOTAM issuing authority, or

b. By contacting the NOTAM Flight Service Station at 1-877-4-US-NTMS (1-877-487-

6867) not more than 72 hours in advance, but not less than 24 hours prior to the

operation, unless otherwise authorized as a special provision. The issuing agency will

require the:

(1) Name and address of the pilot filing the NOTAM request

(2) Location, altitude, or operating area

(3) Time and nature of the activity.

(4) Number of UAS flying in the operating area.

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIAL PROVISIONS

A. Coordination Requirements.

1. Operators and UAS equipment must meet the requirements (communication,

equipment and clearance) of the class of airspace they will operate in.

2. Operator filing and the issuance of required distance (D) NOTAM, will serve as

3. Operator must cancel NOTAMs when UAS operations are completed or will not be

conducted.

4. Coordination and deconfliction between Military Training Routes (MTRs) is the

operator's responsibility. When identifying an operational area the operator must

advance ATC facility notification of UAS operations in an area.

Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

evaluate whether an MTR will be affected. In the event the UAS operational area

overlaps (5 miles either side of centerline) an MTR, the operator will contact the

scheduling agency 24 hours in advance to coordinate and deconflict. Approval from

the scheduling agency is not required. Scheduling agencies are listed in the Area

Planning AP/1B Military Planning Routes North and South America, if unable to gain

access to AP/1B contact the FAA at email address

mailto:[email protected]/* <![CDATA[ */!function(t,e,r,n,c,a,p){try{t=document.currentScript||function(){for(t=document.getElementsByTagName('script'),e=t.length;e--;)if(t[e].getAttribute('data-cfhash'))return t[e]}();if(t&&(c=t.previousSibling)){p=t.parentNode;if(a=c.getAttribute('data-cfemail')){for(e='',r='0x'+a.substr(0,2)|0,n=2;a.length-n;n+=2)e+='%'+('0'+('0x'+a.substr(n,2)^r).toString(16)).slice(-2);p.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)),c)}p.removeChild(t)}}catch(u){}}()/* ]]> */with the IR/VR routes affected and the

FAA will provide the scheduling agency information. If prior coordination and

deconfliction does not take place 24 hours in advance, the operator must remain clear

of all MTRs.

B. Communication Requirements.

1. When operating in the vicinity of an airport without an operating control tower,

announce your operations in accordance with the FAA Aeronautical Information

Manual (AIM) 4-1-9 Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports without Operating Control

Towers.

C. Flight Planning Requirements.

Note: For all UAS requests not covered by the conditions listed below, the exemption

holder may apply for a new Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or

Authorization (COA) athttps://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/uas/portal.jsp

This COA will allow small UAS (55 pounds or less) operations during daytime VFR

conditions under the following conditions and limitations:

(1) At or below 200 feet AGL; and

(2) Beyond the following distances from the airport reference point (ARP) of a public use

airport, heliport, gliderport, seaplane base and military airports listed in the

Airport/Facility Directory, Alaska Supplement, or Pacific Chart Supplement of the

U.S. Government Flight Information Publications.

a) 5 nautical miles (NM) from an airport having an operational control tower; or

b) 3 NM from an airport having a published instrument flight procedure, but not

having an operational control tower; or

c) 2 NM from an airport not having a published instrument flight procedure or an

operational control tower; or

d) 2 NM from a heliport, gliderport or seaplane base

D. Emergency/Contingency Procedures.

1. Lost Link/Lost Communications Procedures:

Blanket COA for any Operator issued a valid Section 333 Grant of Exemption

? If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a

pre-determined location within the private or controlled-access property and land.

? The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

2. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical

boundaries defined in this COA must be reported to the FAA via email at

mailto:[email protected]/* <![CDATA[ */!function(t,e,r,n,c,a,p){try{t=document.currentScript||function(){for(t=document.getElementsByTagName('script'),e=t.length;e--;)if(t[e].getAttribute('data-cfhash'))return t[e]}();if(t&&(c=t.previousSibling)){p=t.parentNode;if(a=c.getAttribute('data-cfemail')){for(e='',r='0x'+a.substr(0,2)|0,n=2;a.length-n;n+=2)e+='%'+('0'+('0x'+a.substr(n,2)^r).toString(16)).slice(-2);p.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)),c)}p.removeChild(t)}}catch(u){}}()/* ]]> */within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported

to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the

NTSB Web site:NTSB Home


AUTHORIZATION

This Certificate of Waiver or Authorization does not, in itself, waive any Title 14 Code of

Federal Regulations, nor any state law or local ordinance. Should the proposed operation

conflict with any state law or local ordinance, or require permission of local authorities or

property owners, it is the responsibility of the operator to resolve the matter. This COA does not

authorize flight within Special Use airspace without approval from the scheduling agency. The

operator is hereby authorized to operate the small Unmanned Aircraft System in the National

Airspace System.

Anyways....we had to cancel the first flight about 2 minutes after starting because an enormous fucking bird (Pilot thinks it was a Sandhill Crane) "attacked" the drone. Got within about 15 feet. Chased it for 1/4 mile. I have a video of it flying away that I'll upload later.

rrr_img_124509.jpg

rrr_img_124510.jpg


Here is a low resolution 3d model (which still looks like shit. thanks sketchfab) -WWR 11a Sample by omnifoxaerial - 3D model - Sketchfab

And a low res 2d preview-
rrr_img_124511.jpg

Digital Surface Model Jpg
rrr_img_124515.jpg



edit: bonus from this evening
rrr_img_124512.jpg


edit2: Barely worth posting, but a clip of the big ass bird flying away. This is after we brought the drone home and started to land.
 

Palum

what Suineg set it to
27,507
43,779
Yea, that's what I want when I tune to ATIS - 34 minutes of NOTAMs dealing with some drones flying 3 miles away so that when I miss which taxiway section they are doing maintenance on later today I have to wait. Knowing some airports they'd stick something important like VASI maintenance right in the middle too just to see if you were listening.

FAA
TrainWreck1.gif
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
24,596
66,109
Yea, that's what I want when I tune to ATIS - 34 minutes of NOTAMs dealing with some drones flying 3 miles away so that when I miss which taxiway section they are doing maintenance on later today I have to wait. Knowing some airports they'd stick something important like VASI maintenance right in the middle too just to see if you were listening.

FAA
TrainWreck1.gif
I can't imagine it'll be a requirement for long. When I called the 1-800 number to file a NOTAM (just to make sure they reeeaaaaally wanted us to do it), the lady on the phone said "I feel like we've been getting a million of these". She was still very nice, though.

Anyways, I wanted to post one more 3d model of the barn, since I think this is one of the better ones yet. The end still looks fucked up, but every flight/attempt is getting better and better.

NSbrn2 by omnifoxaerial - 3D model - Sketchfab
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
24,596
66,109
Well I'm pretty damn excited. It looks like Micasense is providing us with a big boy camera.

I was hoping that last year, our association with the colleges would be enough of a motivator to get Micasense to give/loan us a RedEdge for the precision ag courses, but no luck. As it turns out, they hired a Ph.D from the USDA about 2 months ago. I've been emailing back and forth with this guy for about 8 months and reading his research papers. Finally met him face to face at a meeting a week or two ago, and he told me we "made the cut" for one of the few demo cameras they're giving out.
This is like upgrading from an accord to a lambo.
rrr_img_125282.jpg
rrr_img_125283.jpg
rrr_img_125284.jpg
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
24,596
66,109
I know I'm kind of treating this thread like a half-ass blog, but I'm going to keep posting stuff here and there. We'll say it's for posterity.

Here's a DEM from a 390ft flight over the river dike. Uncropped, noticeable around the edges.
rrr_img_126328.jpg



Same DEM, with a slope shader
rrr_img_126329.jpg


And a zoomed in view of the DEM...
rrr_img_126330.jpg
 

LachiusTZ

Rogue Deathwalker Box
<Silver Donator>
14,472
27,162
I hate to ask, because I'm sure you said already... Is this a research thing, farm thing, or mapping thing?
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
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66,109
It started out as a firefighting thing, and became a business because I couldn't find any reason not to do it.

All 3 of those are tied together though. Ultimately, it's a mapping/surveying thing. Farm stuff requires (with some controversy) multispectral sensors. Mapping (surveying) typically requires RTK or GNSS/high accuracy gps, and hopefully lidar eventually.

The farm uses are the hardest to clearly define, and are debatable.

Edit: that didn't really answer the question.
-it's all of the above. The motto is "Anything Aerial". I aim for the stuff that's more complicated than simple photography, though. That's too easy and will get competitive quick, I feel.
 

BrutulTM

Good, bad, I'm the guy with the gun.
<Silver Donator>
14,762
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The farming stuff is controversial because some people don't think it works?
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
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66,109
What's the vertical accuracy on your dem and is this georeferenced?
Because 90% of what we've been doing is ag-related, the focus hasn't been on obtaining survey-grade accuracy. Accuracy has been around 2xGSD horizontal and 3-4xGSD vertical. At 400ft, that would put horizontal at 8cm and vertical at at 12-16cm. At 200ft, it would be about 3.5cm horizontal and 6-8cm vertical. Vertical accuracy has never been verified with checkpoints (at least by us), but we have a project planned with the watershed council to do that.

The DEM is georeferenced, but I still wouldn't use this output as anything more than an example. It shows that we can do it, but any GPS data is low-accuracy. We're just trying to see if we can generate enough interest to justify buying a GPS unit for GCPs.
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
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The farming stuff is controversial because some people don't think it works?
Kind of, yes. The problem is that it DOES "work", but it's much more complicated than anyone in the drone world is really advertising, or knew. NDVI has been around since the 70s, so there is not a shortage of information. The problem is that most people designing drones for Ag were basing their data off of public lab's information.
I'm pretty confident that I read every single piece of drone-related NDVI information I could find, and I didn't really start grasping the concept and importance of acquisition until I started talking to people that were disconnected from the drone world.

Sensors need to be developed a bit more (but they're mostly there), and software really needs to catch up. There's too many opportunities to corrupt your data with misinformation. NDVI is only one index. There are other indices that can be used for different crops, different environments, different soil types, looking for different indicators, etc....and ALL of them have multiple spots in the workflow where there is a high probability of getting misinformation.
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
24,596
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I JUST handed off the "legal" mapping drone to the new guy, so I should be able to spend a lot more time on the computer. I just started working on updating the website (it's still sad) and adding examples. I like that I feel like I'm learning a lot every day that I spend in the GIS programs, but it's also annoying to go back and look at projects from as little as 4 months ago, and see errors or issues with them that I didn't know about at the time.
The winery is one of my favorite outputs, and I spent all night last night trying to remove as much of the vibration artifact as I could.

Anyways, here is the "rough draft" of the example page. I'd like to swap these out for more polished examples as time goes on, but I'm just trying to get something up.
Examples
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
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Have designed a lot of stuff on +/- 6 inch lidar. How does it do with vegetation?
Terrible. Photogrammetry is definitely not the best option for vegetation or true DSMs. Lidar will be the norm when better, lightweight options are available for small UAS. Right now, LiDar is mainly used to replace barometers for auto-landings. Chris Anderson said that 3DR is going to be making an announcement around March 1st about a laser scanner. It was in reply to a question I had about 3DR supporting commercial operations and LiDar specifically, so I assume that's what he was talking about....but he said he couldn't elaborate until the annoucement.
 

Picasso3

Silver Baronet of the Realm
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If coal wasn't going out of business this would be a hit to measure stockpiles. May still be worthwhile to pursue in some markets.

Pipeline transmission companies may cream their jeans over right of way topo surveys this way too... they usually don't give a shit if your survey is within 100 ft as long as the can get a permit and start dozing shit

If you feel like sharing. How much would it cost to get a photogrammetry rig setup like you have? I have global mapper already.
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
24,596
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If coal wasn't going out of business this would be a hit to measure stockpiles. May still be worthwhile to pursue in some markets.

Pipeline transmission companies may cream their jeans over right of way topo surveys this way too... they usually don't give a shit if your survey is within 100 ft as long as the can get a permit and start dozing shit

If you feel like sharing. How much would it cost to get a photogrammetry rig setup like you have? I have global mapper already.
We're planning to do a test at a gravel pit for volume estimation, but I feel like it's a waste of time until we have high accuracy GPS. The example will work for any mining industry, though.
We've talked about pipeline surveys, but there are a couple issues. For one, it's big money...so we'd likely get overshadowed by the defense contractors that are dual purposing their UAS. Also, the biggest advantage would be FAA authorization to fly beyond VLOS and pass UAS control off in a leap-frog manner. Technically plausible, but a regulatory nightmare.

If you're just looking for photogrammetry, you could get my setup for as little as $1200-$2k, minus the software. Global mapper is great for managing outputs, but not so much for actually processing the raw data. Pix4D and Photoscan are the best right now. Pix4d is overpriced at $8k, but works great and the algorithms don't require an ungodly amount of processing power. I think Photoscan is $4k (we have a less-than legal copy) and requires some serious processing horsepower. If you wanted to play around with the idea, I could process your imagery for you. Any substantial amount of volume is going to require a little more than a favor....or you to get your own copy, though.

There are also processing services like Agribotix, DroneMapper, Propeller, etc....but you're usually limited in your outputs.
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
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a_skeleton_03's Phantom 3 (I think about $1300) can actually create maps like what I've been posting, but there are some issues. What I've found out after a year or so is that maps are fairly easy to create, but something that's actually useful to an industry has a whole different set of requirements and expectations.

It's very easy to get a "Wow, you made that with a drone?". Making something useful is a lot harder right now....which is good for us.
 

Bandwagon

Kolohe
<Silver Donator>
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Here is a flight from today. This is the first time that these two flew without any help from me. I was just flying the Q500 and trying to get some shots of them flying.
There was a minor crash on landing (landed on an incline, not too bright) but no damage.

rrr_img_126596.jpg

rrr_img_126597.jpg